kingdoms of nature
- Animals (animals).
- plantae (plants).
- Fungus (fungi).
- Protista (protozoa).
- Bacteria (bacteria).
- Archaea (Archaea).
Previously, living organisms were classified into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protozoa and bacteria. With the advent of molecular techniques it was revealed that archaea (classified as bacteria) are actually more similar to eukaryotes despite being prokaryotic.
Kingdom Animalia (animals)
Domain: Eukarya .
Cell type: eukaryotic animal cell, absence of chloroplasts and cell wall.
Cellular organization: multicellular.
Nutrition: heterotrophs.
Reproduction: sexual.
Examples: humans, bees, worms, corals, and fish.
Kingdom Plantae (plants)
Domain: Eukarya.
Cell type: eukaryotic plant cell; chloroplasts and cellulose cell wall present.
Cellular organization: multicellular.
Nutrition: autotrophs.
Reproduction: sexual and asexual.
Examples: pines, grasses, cereals and bushes.
Kingdom Fungi (fungi)
Domain: Eukarya.
Cell type: eukaryotic cell; absence of chloroplasts, appearance of cell wall of chitin.
Cellular organization: unicellular – multicellular.
Nutrition: heterotrophs.
Reproduction: asexual and sexual.
Examples: yeast, mold, and fungus.
Kingdom Protista (protozoa)
Domain: Eukarya.
Cell type: eukaryotic cell.
Cellular Organization: Mostly unicellular.
Nutrition: heterotrophs – autotrophs.
Reproduction: mainly asexual.
Examples: protozoa and amoebas.
Kingdom Archaea (Archaea)
Domain: Archaea.
Cell type: prokaryotic cell (does not have a nucleus) and with a cell wall without peptidoglycan.
Cellular organization: unicellular.
Nutrition: autotrophs – heterotrophs.
Reproduction: by binary fission.
Examples: methanogens and thermophiles.
Kingdom Bacteria (bacteria)
Domain: Bacteria.
Cell type: prokaryotic cell (contains no nucleus) and with a peptidoglycan cell wall.
Cellular organization: unicellular and colony formation.
Nutrition: autotrophs – heterotrophs.
Reproduction: by binary fission.