The main difference between Enhancer and Promoter is that Enhancer is a short region of DNA that can bind to proteins (activators) to increase the transcription possibility of a particular gene, while the promoter is a region of DNA that initiates the transcription of a specific gene.

Enhancer vs Promoter

The enhancer is a short region of DNA that can be linked to proteins (activators) to increase the transcriptional chance of a particular gene, but the promoter is a section of DNA that initiates the transcription of a particular gene. An enhancer is a DNA sequence that works to improve transcription, while a promoter is a series of DNA that initiates transcription. An enhancer can be upstream or downstream of the transcription initiation site, while promoters are located near the transcription initiation sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream in DNA. An enhancer does not need to be close to the gene of interest, but the promoter is close to the gene that is replicating. An enhancer binds to transcription factors, but a promoter binds to transcription factors and an RNA polymerase enzyme. Enhancers are supposed to be associated with diseases like type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease, conversely. Enhancers are supposed to be associated with conditions like asthma and beta-thalassemia. Both the enhancer and the promoter help regulate gene transcription.

Comparative chart

An enhancer is a small piece of DNA that works to speed up the rate of gene transcription. An enhancer is between 20 and 400 DNA base pairs in size, also called a cis regulatory element. An enhancer can locate upstream or downstream of a particular gene in the same or a different location associated with the gene to be transcribed. An enhancer does not need to close to the transcription start site to function. Enhancers are present and work in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. A transcription factor binds to the enhancer to stimulate transcription of the gene. Enhancers are present in introns and exons and can act on genes on a different chromosome. Enhancers are thousands of bases from a transcription start site. Enhancers accelerate the transcription rate by bringing transcription factors closer to the promoter. Enhancers also regulate more than one gene regardless of its location compared to genes. Rivals to enhancers are silencers, which can bind to transcription factors called suppressors. Enhancers are an important genetic element in development to enhance the activation of transcription in cells. Enhancers play an important role in human disease by increasing the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Enhancers are an important genetic element in development to enhance the activation of transcription in cells. Enhancers play an important role in human disease by increasing the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Enhancers are an important genetic element in development to enhance the activation of transcription in cells. Enhancers play an important role in human disease by increasing the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular disease.

Examples

• HACNS1, which has a role in the evolution of the human thumb.
• Proximal epiblast enhancer (PEE), which is important during the development of the vertebrate body.

The promoter is a fragment of DNA sequences that specify where the transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase begins. Promoters participate in the initiation of gene transcription and determine which DNA strand will be transcribed, in which direction transcription will occur: the size of the promoter is 100 to 1000 bp. Promoters are typically found upstream of the start of transcription at the 5 ‘end where transcription begins. Promoters are 5 ‘close to the gene to be transcribed. Promoters are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Promoters bind to the RNA polymerase enzyme and the transcription factor. The promoter initiates the transcription process by interacting with RNA polymerase and transcription factors. The RNA polymerase enzyme gently binds to a DNA sequence and moves along the strand until it encounters a promoter. It then forms a close promoter complex with the promoter. RNA polymerase continues to unwind DNA at the transcription start site to form an open promoter complex, and transcription is beginning. Many eukaryotic cells are an important part of the promoter known as the TATA box, which can be found 25 to 35 bases upstream from the transcriptional start point. Promoter variations can be associated with certain diseases such as beta-thalassemia and asthma. RNA polymerase continues to unwind DNA at the transcription start site to form an open promoter complex, and transcription is beginning. Many eukaryotic cells are an important part of the promoter known as the TATA box, which can be found 25 to 35 bases upstream from the transcriptional start point. Promoter variations can be associated with certain diseases such as beta-thalassemia and asthma. RNA polymerase continues to unwind DNA at the transcription start site to form an open promoter complex, and transcription is beginning. Many eukaryotic cells are an important part of the promoter known as the TATA box, which can be found 25 to 35 bases upstream from the transcriptional start point. Promoter variations can be associated with certain diseases such as beta-thalassemia and asthma.

Examples

• PEG-3 promoter
• Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)

Key differences

1. An enhancer is a part of DNA that improves gene transcription, conversely, a promoter is a part of DNA that initiates or initiates gene transcription.
2. An enhancer can be upstream or downstream from the site where transcription starts, while the promoter is always upstream from the region where transcription starts.
3. An enhancer binds to transcription factors; instead, a promoter binds to transcription factors and an RNA polymerase enzyme.
4. An enhancer need not be closed to the site where transcription starts while a promoter is close to the site where transcription starts.
5. An enhancer works to increase transcription, but a promoter works to start the transcription process.
6. Enhancers are supposed to be associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colorectal cancer; on the other hand, promoters are believed to be associated with diseases such as asthma and beta-thalassemia.
7. Examples of the enhancer include HACNS1 and PEE, while examples of the promoter are the PEG-3 promoter and human telomerase reverse transcriptase.

Above this discussion, he concludes that Enhancer is a short region of DNA that can bind to proteins to increase the transcription chance of a particular gene, while the promoter is an area of ​​DNA that initiates the transcription of a particular gene. . Both the enhancer and the promoter play an important role in the regulation of gene transcription.